PRESENTING TO YOU..(^_^)
HTML
HTML Introduction
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
- A markup language is a set of markup tags
- HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
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HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
- HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
- HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
- The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
- Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML Documents = Web Pages
- HTML documents describe web pages
- HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
- HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:
Example:
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example Explained
- The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
- The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
- The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
- The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
HTML IMAGE
HTML The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
<img src="url" alt="some_text"/>
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The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example: <img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
HTML The Alt Attribute
The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
Example;
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" />
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).
Basic Notes - Useful Tips
Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.
HTML LINKS
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
<html>
<body>
<p>
<a href="default.asp">HTML Tutorial</a> This is a link to a page on this website.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a> This is a link to a website on the World Wide Web.
</p>
</body>
</html>
Example :<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Result:
HTML Tutorial This is a link to a page on this website.
Google This is a link to a website on the World Wide Web.
Link to w3school
HTML Hyperlinks (Links)
A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document.
When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.
Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag.
The <a> tag can be used in two ways:
- To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute
- To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute
HTML Link Syntax
The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:
Example;
<a href="
url">
Link text</a>
The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.
Example;
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a>
HTML Links - The target Attribute
The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window:
Example;
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>
HTML Links - The name Attribute
The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor.
The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document.
Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.
Example
- A named anchor inside an HTML document:
| <a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a |
- Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:
| <a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a> |
- Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips">
- Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>
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Basic Notes - Useful Tips
Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/".
Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document.
Tip: If a browser does not find the named anchor specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error occurs.
HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.
Table Example
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
Result :
What You NeedYou don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
- You don't need an HTML editor
- You don't need a web server
- You don't need a web site
| Editing HTMLIn this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe this is the best way to learn HTML.
However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or Dreamweaver, instead of writing plain text. |
HTML TagsHTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
- HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
- HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
- The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
- Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tag.
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HTML Documents = Web Pages- HTML documents describe web pages
- HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
- HTML documents are also called web pages
HTML Table Tags
| Tag | Description |
| <table> | Defines a table |
| <th> | Defines a table header |
| <tr> | Defines a table row |
| <td> | Defines a table cell |
| <caption> | Defines a table caption |
| <colgroup> | Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting |
| <col /> | Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table |
| <thead> | Groups the header content in a table |
| <tbody> | Groups the body content in a table |
| <tfoot> | Groups the footer content in a table |
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